What is Climate Change?

 Climate change refers to long-term shifts in temperature, weather patterns, and other atmospheric conditions on Earth. While climate variations have occurred naturally over millions of years due to factors like volcanic eruptions, solar radiation, and natural greenhouse gas fluctuations, the term "climate change" today largely points to the human-induced changes in Earth's climate system.

What is Science Behind It

At the heart of climate change is the greenhouse effect, a natural process that makes Earth habitable. Certain gases in the atmosphere—such as carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), and nitrous oxide (N₂O)—trap heat from the Sun and keep the planet warm enough to sustain life. Without this effect, Earth would be too cold for most living organisms.

However, human activities, especially since the Industrial Revolution, have caused a dramatic increase in the concentration of these greenhouse gases. Key contributors include:

• Burning Fossil Fuels: Coal, oil, and natural gas for energy and transportation.
• Deforestation: Cutting down forests reduces the planet’s ability to absorb CO₂.
• Agricultural Practices: Livestock farming releases methane, and fertilizers contribute to nitrous oxide emissions.
• Industrial Activities: Factories release large amounts of CO₂ and other harmful emissions.

This excessive accumulation of greenhouse gases is trapping more heat in the atmosphere, leading to global warming, which is the increase in Earth's average temperature.

What is Evidence of Climate Change

Rising Global Temperatures: The Earth’s temperature has risen by approximately 1.2°C (2.2°F) since pre-industrial times, and it is expected to rise further if emissions are not curbed.

Melting Ice Caps and Glaciers: Polar ice is melting at unprecedented rates, contributing to sea level rise.

Extreme Weather Events: An increase in the frequency and intensity of heatwaves, hurricanes, droughts, and floods.

Ocean Acidification: Absorption of excess CO₂ by oceans is changing their chemistry, harming marine ecosystems.

Why is Importent to our Fututre

Climate change is not just an environmental issue—it is a global crisis that affects every aspect of life on Earth, from ecosystems and biodiversity to human health, economic stability, and geopolitical security. It’s a challenge that requires immediate attention and collective action to mitigate its effects and protect the planet for future generations.